Bilingual Publishing Group

Towards Sustainable Living: From COP21 to COP26 and beyond DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i1.4440 References [1] Drolet, J., 2015. Disasters in Social, Cultural and Political Context, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). pp. 478-484. [2] Christopher Rhodes, J., 2016. The 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference: COP21, Science Progress. 99(1), 97-104. [3] Collaboration – The Paris Rulebook, UN Climate Change Conference UK 2021. (Accessed November 16, 2021). [4] Dietz, L., Horve, P.F., Coil, D.A., et al., 2020. 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Built environment considerations to reduce transmission. Msystems. 5, e00245-20.

Inviting Nature into Academic Learning: Exploring the Possibility to Activate the Introvert Courts inside the University Buildings DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i1.4240 Abstract Established on peripheral sub-urban area of Sylhet city, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology is a public university well known for its beautiful natural environment and diversified landscape with green hillocks, waterscape, forests and biodiversity. But, the academic buildings of the campus were planned in an introvert way that the common void courts remain disconnected from the outside natural environment. Although designed with positive intention, most of the courts remain unused maximum the time of a year. As the campus natural environment is getting richer day by day and users prefer to spend more time in outside environment, it is high time to integrate nature into the academic learning. This research aims to explore the possibilities of these void courts to be incorporated with the ou

Experimental Shear Study on Reinforced High Strength Concrete Beams Made Using Blended Cement DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i1.4064 Abstract With the increased application of High Strength Concrete (HSC) inconstruction and lack of proper guidelines for structural design in India,behavioral study of high strength concrete is an important aspect ofresearch. Research on the behavior of HSC reinforced beams with concretestrength more than 60 MPa has been carried out in the past and is stillcontinuing to understand the structural behavior of HSC beams. Along withthe many benefits of the high strength concrete, the more brittle behavior isof concern which leads to sudden failure. This paper presents the behaviorof reinforced HSC beams in shear with considering the effects of variousfactors like shear reinforcement ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, l/dratio (length to depth ratio), etc. Ten numbers Reinforced Concrete Beamsof various sizes using concrete mix with three differ

Comprehensive Investigation into the Menace of Roof Collapse in Tamale and the Way Forward DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jaeser.v5i1.3883 Abstract There is a perpetual problem of partial or complete roof collapse withinthe Tamale Metropolis and other parts of Ghana. This has become an issueof grave public concern since this menace affects both public buildingsof all kinds (schools, offices, churches, mosque etc.) as well as domesticbuildings.This research sets out to conduct comprehensive investigations into thenature of roof failures, causes, and effects and then propose remedialactions towards stemming the tide.The study employed the use of roof construction affirmation surveys,questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Relevantinformation synthesized indicates that the roof type, construction materials,building type and environmental conditions are crucial causative factors.Major consequences of roof failures include damage to personal belongingsand exposure to incleme

Study on the Suitability of Soils in Ilu Aba Bora Zone for Hydraform Block Production for Low Cost Construction DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i1.3156 Abstract Due to a high construction material cost in Ethiopia, it is difficult to afford a shelter by most our peoples. The Hydra form block (HFB) has been identified as low-cost building material with its potential and possibility to reverse the housing problem. Laboratory tests were conducted on Mettu, Nopa, Gore, and Hurumu areas soil. Using hydra form machine with average mold size of 29*14*10cm, hydra form blocks were casted with the three percentages increment of cement. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted at 28 days. The investigation has revealed that all the soil sample except Gore soil have significant characteristics that make it suitable for stabilization with recommended soil properties. From the experimental study, all the blocks except blocks produced with Gore soil have 28th day compressi

Assessment of the Cause and Effect of Early Damage of Cobble Stone Road Construction and Its Remedial Measurements: A Case of Nekemte Town Cheleleki Sub City DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i1.3149 Abstract Road constructing in Ethiopia is increasingly in demand to meet its medium and long term development programs. Most internal roads of Oromia city/town are cobblestone and gravel. Some portions along the alignment proposed and existing roads traversed low resistance of the subgrade that affect the stability of the upper layers of cobblestones. Structural failure is observed on cobblestone roads, and it would be constructed with good quality or low quality of materials. Nekemte Cobblestones Projects have been started in 2014 widely which were filled in most areas today as we observed that needs to be addressed and a corresponding remedial measures must be drawn. A possible counteractive actions had been ordered for every observed destroyed to achieve the standard road situation

Analysis on the Structural Type of Large-span Steel Truss Bridge Specially Designed for Cables DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i1.3141 Abstract When the installation of cables and pipelines needs to go across rivers, bridges are usually adopted to support the cables and pipelines for crossing the rivers. The measure can make full use of the space resources and have no effect on the flow pattern of rivers. For this reason, analysis on the structural-type design of a large-span steel truss bridge specially used for cables has been performed. The numerical results indicate that the stayed-cable bridge with steel truss beam and concrete main tower has better performance and improved structural type caparisoned with that of the beam and arch bridges, and the construction of the major beam can be without the temporary support. Keywords:  Large span, Steel truss, Cable, Pipe bridge, Design

Geotechnical Perspective of the Causes of Cracks in Building of University Campus (Sindh University Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan) DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i1.3119 Abstract The building construction throughout world faces the defects from normal to heavy and destructive like cracks and fractures which cause damages and eventually collapses to heavy life losses alongside economical and financial. The cracks like structures are found in wall and columns also. For the aim of the study, the international experts have classified the minimum allowable standards of those defects which can not be harmful to buildings and other people living there. This research study has been administered to research the most reasons to research the causes of cracks during a newly completed and used buildings in where some distinct cracks appeared immediately and after some years. Often these cracks seem in almost in walls, columns, beams, and so-like structures having different patterns. the foremost u

Modeling Tensile Strength of Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand with Quarry Dust Ground Granulated Blast Furnace and Slag Silica Fumes DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i1.2949 Abstract Tensile strength of concrete were examined on its partial replacement of cement and sand using ground granulated blast furnace and quarry dust, the study examines its behaviour at different dimensions, this is to monitor the variation effect of these parameters on the growth rates of tensile to the optimum curing age, these includes  non linear  conditions of tensile state,  non-elastic and its brittle behaviour at all times as it express  zero conditions in tension, this means that it has the ability to with stand pull force, it also reflect its weak ability to handle shear stress thus tends to cause deformation in material as it has poor elasticity. The reflection of its brittle influence the rate of tensile behaviour from concrete ductility, these are known to be a material on mod

Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts, Parwan, Afghanistan DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i4.3717 Abstract This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations (toxic elements and components), that are leaching from soluble arrangement of rocks,sediments and soil by surface water at the infiltration time, toward the groundwater. For completion this research I used two categories of water analysis; one is areal analysis, and another is laboratory analysis. In areal analysis ten wells have been recovered by this research in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Distracts, a number of Electro-Conductivity, water temperature,dissolved oxygen in water, Total Dissolved Soled (TDS) and the Resolved Salt in Water (SSW), determination Partible ground at areal complete. For laboratory works I used chemical device of Spectra-

Petrographic Characteristics and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Kyaukmyet Prospect, Monywa District, Central Myanmar DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i4.3605 Abstract The Kyaukmyet prospect lies approximately 5 km ENE of the highsulfidation Kyisintaung copper-gold deposit, Monywa district, central Myanmar. Geologically, the research area is remarked by magmatic extrusion that occurred during the Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene of Magyigon Formation which led to the outcrops of volcanic rocks. Study detailed on petrographical and geochemical of the Kyaukmyet volcanic rocks has not been performed before the present work. The principal aim of this paper is to document the petrographical and geochemical characteristics of volcanic suite rocks exposed in the Kyaukmyet prospect. The results of this data have provided insight into the origin of the rocks and petrogenetic processes during evolution. Petrographically, all the studied volcanic rocks in the research area show that tra

Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data of Part of Gwagwalada Abuja Nigeria for Potential Mineral Targets DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i4.3581 Abstract This study analyzes aeromagnetic data over a section of Gwagwalada in Abuja. The data were obtained from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency acquired at 100 m terrain clearance. The study area spans longitudes 7.0875 E to 7.1458 E and latitude 8.9625 N to 9.0 N (about 27 km2). The dataset was reduced to the equator (RTE) and downward continued by 50 m. Analytic signal filter was applied on TMI-RTE grid to detect the edges of the magnetic bodies present. The structure was observed to trend NE-SW. The CET lineament map reveals intersections such as junctions and corners on the map. This revealed structure liable for potential mineralization zone. Euler deconvolution technique applied over the transformed dataset ascertain the location and depth of the structure,having a maximum depth of about 421 m and a minimum of about 59 m.Variat

Investigations on River Sediments in Chak Sedimentary Basin, Wardak Province, Afghanistan DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i4.3574 Abstract This sedimentary is from a largest basin of Afghanistan, which covers an area of 9772 km2. It is located about 80 km, at west side of Kabul. In this research, we studied different types of heavy and light minerals, gravel analysis in river sediments. Logar River is core stream flowing over basin,it carries diverse masses of sediments from dissimilar parts of surroding montians. Further, in the months of summer while snowmelting is started,transfer diverse materials and cause different traces to be made. Area of basin is enclosed by mountain range and separated into two sections,majore part is Khawat Olya and second one is Khawat Sufla. The main aim of study is to characterize different sizes and types of minerals in river load for the previous geological periods. This research is therefore essential to explain different sizes and type of minera

Volcanogenic Deposits of Non-ferrous Metals in the Lesser Caucasus and Eastern Pontides DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i4.3572 Abstract The paper presents brief characteristics of geological environments of ore deposit occurrences in Turkey, Georgia and Armenia. They can be attributed to Kuroko-type deposits, being distinguished by the character of ore accumulation. To the west, in Turkey, there are epigenetic and hydrothermal-sedimentary copper-zinc deposits that were formed in deep restricted basinal settings. An example of the latter is the Chayeli deposit. To the east, in the Caucasus, we have predominantly only epigenetic deposits. Besides, in the Bolnisi mining district (Georgia) there is the Madneuli deposit which represents an example of polyformational deposit. Here, within the restricted territory, have been concentrated: barite, barite-polymetallic, gold-bearing secondary quartzite, large-scale stockworks of copper ores. Judged by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, some volcanites 

On Software Application Database Constraint-driven Design and Development DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jcsr.v5i1.5476 Abstract This paper presents a methodology driven by database constraints for designing and developing (database) software applications. Much needed and with excellent results, this paradigm guarantees the highest possible quality of the managed data. The proposed methodology is illustrated with an easy to understand, yet complex medium-sized genealogy software application driven by more than 200 database constraints, which fully meets such expectations. Keywords:  Database constraint-driven design and development, Database constraint, Data plausibility, Software architecture, Design and development, The (elementary) mathematical data model, MatBase

Data Analytics of an Information System Based on a Markov Decision Process and a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jcsr.v5i1.5434 Abstract Data analytics of an information system is conducted based on a Markov decision process (MDP) and a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) in this paper. Data analytics over a finite planning horizon and an infinite planning horizon for a discounted MDP is performed, respectively. Value iteration (VI), policy iteration (PI), and Q-learning are utilized in the data analytics for a discounted MDP over an infinite planning horizon to evaluate the validity of the MDP model. The optimal policy to minimize the total expected cost of states of the information system is obtained based on the MDP. In the analytics for a discounted POMDP over an infinite planning horizon of the information system, the effects of various parameters on the total expected cost of the information system are studied. Keywords

Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring with Enhanced Lifetime-enhancing Cooperative Data Gathering and Relaying Algorithm (E-LCDGRA) Based Sensor Network DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jcsr.v5i1.5383 Abstract The air continues to be an extremely substantial part of survival on earth. Air pollution poses a critical risk to humans and the environment. Using sensor-based structures, we can get air pollutant data in real-time. However, the sensors rely upon limited-battery sources that are immaterial to be alternated repeatedly amid extensive broadcast costs associated with real-time applications like air quality monitoring. Consequently, air quality sensor-based monitoring structures are lifetime-constrained and prone to the untimely loss of connectivity. Effective energy administration measures must therefore be implemented to handle the outlay of power dissipation. In this study, the authors propose outdoor air quality monitoring using a sensor network with an enhanced lifetime-enhancing cooper

Research on Precipitation Prediction Model Based on Extreme Learning Machine Ensemble DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jcsr.v5i1.5303 Abstract Precipitation is a significant index to measure the degree of drought and flood in a region, which directly reflects the local natural changes and ecological environment. It is very important to grasp the change characteristics and law of precipitation accurately for effectively reducing disaster loss and maintaining the stable development of a social economy. In order to accurately predict precipitation, a new precipitation prediction model based on extreme learning machine ensemble (ELME) is proposed. The integrated model is based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) with different kernel functions and supporting parameters, and the submodel with the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) is found to fit the test data. Due to the complex mechanism and factors affecting precipitation change, the data have strong uncertainty and significant nonlin

Efficacy of Acid-treated Sawdust in Decolourization of Tanning Wastewater DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v3i2.3699 Abstract Colour removal from dye-bearing effluent is a serious challenge due to the difficulty in treating such wastewater by conventional treatment methods. The present investigation explores the decolourization of contaminated wastewater using acid-activated sawdust as an adsorbent. The physicochemical properties of wastewater samples labelled A, B, and C vizaverage temperature; pH; electrical conductivity; and total dissolved solids were determined using standard methods to be 302.63; 6.1; 284.47 µS/cm;35116.66 mg/L respectively. Colour removal efficiency of the adsorbent was studied under variable conditions (contact time, rate of agitation,loading). Experimental results demonstrated that the sawdust adsorbent has a significant capacity for colour removal from tannery effluent. There was significant variation in the absorbance of the treated samples. Adsorbent dos

A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v3i2.3694 Abstract Groundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na 2+ , K +  , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO 3 ¯, NO 3 ¯, Cl¯, CO 2 3 ¯, and SO 4 2 ¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO 4  and Ca˗Mg˗

Assessment of Rainwater and Groundwater Quality in Izombe Town, Oguta Local Government Area of Imo State DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v3i2.3582 Abstract Rainwater and groundwater quality in Izombe were assessed. Five water samples were collected from five (5) different locations, with at least one location from one of the four autonomous communities in Izombe, Oguta L.G.A of Imo State. The physicochemical and microbial parameters of rainwater and groundwater samples from Umuakpa, Ndeuloukwu, Ugbele, Ndioko, and Orsu were assessed using Varian Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study was aimed to assess the physicochemical and microbial qualities of groundwater and rainwater in Izombe and how these affect their health as individual members of the community, and their environment when compared to WHO standards. The water samples were collected from five different locations, with at least one location from each of the four autonomous communities, and were assessed. The

Geochemical Trends in Weathering Profiles and Their Underlying Precambrian Basement Rocks in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v3i2.3308 Abstract Akure area in southwestern Nigeria falls within the basement complex underlain by migmatite, quartzite granite and charnockite. Geochemical features of these crystalline rocks and their overlying in-situ weathering profiles are investigated and reported. Analytical result from ICP-MS facility at the University of Malaya reveals average SiO 2  content in quartzite (91.1%), granite (73.8%), migmatite (67.4%) and charnockite (58.6%) categorize the rocks as siliceous. SiO 2  contents in the weathering profiles above these rocks are 61.9%, 60.2%, 52.2% and 54.6% respectively. Alumina contents in the weathering profiles overlying quartzite (23.8%), granite (19.9%), migmatite (26.3%) and charnockite (24.3%) are substantially higher than the precursor rocks. In the same order, average alkali (Na 2 O+K 2 O) contents in th