๐ฑ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐ฌ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ & ๐ฌ๐๐๐๐ ๐บ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ | ๐ฝ๐๐.2, ๐ฐ๐๐.2
๐๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐๐๐ ๐ฎ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ1โฃ
๐ผ๐จ๐จ๐๐จ๐จ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐พ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ฏ๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐ซ๐๐ง ๐ผ๐ฆ๐ช๐๐๐๐ง ๐๐ฎ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ข๐จ ๐๐จ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐๐ง๐ฎ ๐๐๐ค๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐๐ง๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐ง๐จ: ๐ผ ๐พ๐๐จ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐ช๐๐ฎ ๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ฉ๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ค ๐ผ๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ, ๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.1633
Abstract
An assessment of the protective capacity of the vadose zone overlying the aquifer systems in the Kaltungo area was carried out to determine its influence on groundwater quality. Applying the schlumberger array with a maximum electrode spread AB/2 = 100m through VES, thirty water well points were surveyed using Omega terrameter (PIOSO1) resistivity meter. The field data was first subjected to manual interpretation through curve marching and then digitized modeled curves using computer software. The interpreted data revealed that the area is characterized by eleven different curve types representing three to five geo electrical layers. In order to assess the protective capacity of the vadoze zone over the aquifer systems, the longitudinal conductance (S) and transverse resistance (T) (secondary geoelectric parameters) were computed from the primary data using the Dar Zarouk formula. The values of S obtained range from 0.0018 to 0.4056 ohms with a mean value of 0.0135 ohms while the values of T range from 0.55 ohms to 1195.68 ohms with a mean value of 39.84 ohms. The values of S and T obtained reveal that 90% of probed points has poor protective capacity, 10 % has moderate protective capacity and 83 % has high transmissivity, 17 % has intermediate transmissivity. The T and S values are skewed towards poorly protective capacity thus making groundwater in the area highly vulnerable to contamination from the surface. To achieve good groundwater quality in the area, proper completion of newly constructed wells should install protective casing through the entire vadose zone.
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๐๐ค๐ง๐ฅ๐๐ค๐ก๐ค๐๐๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง ๐พ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง ๐๐ฎ๐๐, ๐๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ฎ, ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฎ๐
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.1935
Abstract
Over 40 billion tons of sand is mined worldwide every year which is estimated to be higher than the natural replacement rates. In Kenya, the rate of sand mining is raising concerns over its environmental effects since it is not regulated. This paper presents findings on the geomorphic effects of sand mining in the ephemeral River Tyaa channel in Kitui County. The study adopts the concept of feedback response mechanism of a natural geomorphic system. Through purposive sampling River Tyaa was selected for the study, where rampant sand mining was reportedly taking place. Random sampling on the five sand mining sites identified came up with a representative site namely Kanginga on which systematic sampling was applied while collecting data at both the active and control sites. Data on channel width, depth and slope angles was obtained through physical measurements while data on quantity of sand mined was obtained from Mwingi Sand Mining Cooperative. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyse data whereby the model compared active and control sites. Test results indicated that sand mining had significantly increased river channelโs width (O.R. =1.531), depth (O.R. =1.527) and slope angles (O.R. =1.634) at active mining sites compared to control sites as deduced from the respective Odds Ratios. It concluded that sand mining had altered channelโs morphology resulting to adverse environmental effects such as loss of riparian vegetation and channel incision. It recommended curbing of illegal sand mining through licencing operators and reducing quantity of sand mined by closing some mines. Furthers, it recommended monitoring through regular Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A) and Audit (E.A) to inform protection of the river system from degrading.
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๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ช๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ง๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ง๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ช๐ข๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐ผ๐๐ง ๐๐ค๐ก๐ก๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ ๐ผ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ผ๐๐๐๐, ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ค๐ฅ๐๐
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2286
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In this paper we access the effects of two atmospheric variables (temperature and relative humidity) on two important pollutants in the atmosphere (Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO)) by using one year (2016) data of Addis Ababa. Temperature has impact on atmospheric mixing and cause for the reduction of NOx as temperature increases. There are positive correlation between temperature and CO concentration from January to April with (R2 = 0.69), negative correlation from May to August with (R2 = 0.92) and no correlation for the remaining months. NOx and CO have moderate positive and negative correlation with relative humidity during the months January-April (R2 = 0.294 for NOx and R2 = 0291 for CO) and in the months May-August are R2 = 0.97 and R2 = 0.15 for NOx and CO respectively. But there are no clear correlation between the NOx and CO with relative humidity from September-December. NOx concentrations during wet season was almost about twice that of the dry season, but no such difference was observed in the case of CO. The seasonal average air temperature in wet season is relatively lower than dry season. NOx exhibited positive and CO negative seasonal correlations with relative humidity.
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๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ค๐ฃ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ก ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐๐๐ฉ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ก๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2340
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๐๐ช๐จ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ผ๐จ๐จ๐๐จ๐จ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐๐ง ๐๐ช๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ค๐ฎ๐ง๐๐จ๐ค๐ก๐ ๐ฝ๐ก๐ค๐๐ , ๐ฝ๐๐ง๐๐๐ช๐ข ๐ฟ๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ฉ, ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ ๐ฝ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ก ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ช๐ง๐๐ก ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ง ๐๐๐๐ช๐ง๐๐ฉ๐ฎ
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2479
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๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ช๐จ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐๐จ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ง ๐๐๐จ๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐๐ง๐ง๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐๐๐ง๐๐
Abstract
Water resource is available in Nigeria to meet water demand for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. If well enhanced and protected from various source of pollution. However, less information is available on suitability of water resources for irrigation use in Nigeria. This article reviews literature of the past with regards to influence of geogenic and anthropogenic activities on water resource for irrigation purpose in Nigeria and also to explain the current state of suitability of water resource for irrigation studies in Nigeria and gaps in studies. It also summarizes future ways on water resource management and preventive measure for water resource pollution for irrigation use. Related articles were downloaded from Google scholar in water-related issues. This paper tends to review previous article on water resource in Nigeria, and its suitability for irrigation. The primary aim of this paper is to produce a synoptic overview of the water resources in Nigeria and its suitability for irrigation use. From paper reviewed it was observed that 89 % of water resources was considered suitable for irrigation.
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๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ง๐ค๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฉ๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ก ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ข๐๐ฌ๐ค๐ง๐ ๐จ: ๐ผ ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ
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The need for a net zero carbon emission future is imperative for environmental sustainability hence, intensive carbon fuels would need to be replaced with less carbon emitting energy sources such as natural gas till clean energy source such as hydrogen becomes commercialized. As a result, this mini review discusses the use of metal organic framework (MOF) for adsorption of methane and hydrogen in specially designed tanks for improved performance so as to increase their applicability. Herein, adsorption (delivery) capacity of selected high performing MOFs for methane and hydrogen storage were highlighted in reference to the targets set by United States Department of Energyโs Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and Fuel Cells Technology Office. In this regard, specific design and chemistry of MOFs for improved methane and hydrogen adsorption were highlighted accordingly. In addition, an overview of computational and molecular studies of hypothetical MOFs was done - the various approaches used and their proficiency for construction of specific of crystalline structures and topologies were herewith discussed.
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