𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 & 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑺𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 | 𝑽𝒐𝒍.2, 𝑰𝒔𝒔.2

👇👇👇👇👇𝑸𝒖𝒊𝒄𝒌 𝑮𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒆👇👇👇👇👇

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𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝘾𝙖𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙤𝙛 𝙑𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙯𝙚 𝙕𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝘼𝙦𝙪𝙞𝙛𝙚𝙧 𝙎𝙮𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙨 𝙐𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙎𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙂𝙚𝙤𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙋𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨: 𝘼 𝘾𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙎𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮 𝙊𝙛 𝙆𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙣𝙜𝙤 𝘼𝙧𝙚𝙖 𝙉𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙝 𝙀𝙖𝙨𝙩, 𝙉𝙞𝙜𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙖

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.1633

Abstract

An assessment of the protective capacity of the vadose zone overlying the aquifer systems in the Kaltungo area was carried out to determine its influence on groundwater quality. Applying the schlumberger array with a maximum electrode spread AB/2 = 100m through VES, thirty water well points were surveyed using Omega terrameter (PIOSO1) resistivity meter. The field data was first subjected to manual interpretation through curve marching and then digitized modeled curves using computer software. The interpreted data revealed that the area is characterized by eleven different curve types representing three to five geo electrical layers. In order to assess the protective capacity of the vadoze zone over the aquifer systems, the longitudinal conductance (S) and transverse resistance (T) (secondary geoelectric parameters) were computed from the primary data using the Dar Zarouk formula. The values of S obtained range from 0.0018 to 0.4056 ohms with a mean value of 0.0135 ohms while the values of T range from 0.55 ohms to 1195.68 ohms with a mean value of 39.84 ohms. The values of S and T obtained reveal that 90% of probed points has poor protective capacity, 10 % has moderate protective capacity and 83 % has high transmissivity, 17 % has intermediate transmissivity. The T and S values are skewed towards poorly protective capacity thus making groundwater in the area highly vulnerable to contamination from the surface. To achieve good groundwater quality in the area, proper completion of newly constructed wells should install protective casing through the entire vadose zone.

Keywords

Assessment; Protective Capacity; Vadose zone; Aquifer systems; Secondary Geoelectric Parameters and Kaltungo Area

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𝙈𝙤𝙧𝙥𝙝𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙞𝙘 𝙍𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙍𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙣𝙚𝙡 𝙩𝙤 𝙎𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙈𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣 𝙍𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙏𝙮𝙖𝙖, 𝙆𝙞𝙩𝙪𝙞 𝘾𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙩𝙮, 𝙆𝙚𝙣𝙮𝙖

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.1935

Abstract

Over 40 billion tons of sand is mined worldwide every year which is estimated to be higher than the natural replacement rates. In Kenya, the rate of sand mining is raising concerns over its environmental effects since it is not regulated. This paper presents findings on the geomorphic effects of sand mining in the ephemeral River Tyaa channel in Kitui County. The study adopts the concept of feedback response mechanism of a natural geomorphic system. Through purposive sampling River Tyaa was selected for the study, where rampant sand mining was reportedly taking place. Random sampling on the five sand mining sites identified came up with a representative site namely Kanginga on which systematic sampling was applied while collecting data at both the active and control sites. Data on channel width, depth and slope angles was obtained through physical measurements while data on quantity of sand mined was obtained from Mwingi Sand Mining Cooperative. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyse data whereby the model compared active and control sites. Test results indicated that sand mining had significantly increased river channel’s width (O.R. =1.531), depth (O.R. =1.527) and slope angles (O.R. =1.634) at active mining sites compared to control sites as deduced from the respective Odds Ratios. It concluded that sand mining had altered channel’s morphology resulting to adverse environmental effects such as loss of riparian vegetation and channel incision. It recommended curbing of illegal sand mining through licencing operators and reducing quantity of sand mined by closing some mines. Furthers, it recommended monitoring through regular Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A) and Audit (E.A) to inform protection of the river system from degrading.

Keywords

Channel incision; Ephemeral stream; Morphologic response; Sand mining; Sustainable development

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𝙄𝙣𝙛𝙡𝙪𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙏𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙍𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙃𝙪𝙢𝙞𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙤𝙣 𝘼𝙞𝙧 𝙋𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙞𝙣 𝘼𝙙𝙙𝙞𝙨 𝘼𝙗𝙖𝙗𝙖, 𝙀𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙤𝙥𝙞𝙖

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2286

Abstract

In this paper we access the effects of two atmospheric variables (temperature and relative humidity) on two important pollutants in the atmosphere (Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO)) by using one year (2016) data of Addis Ababa. Temperature has impact on atmospheric mixing and cause for the reduction of NOx as temperature increases. There are positive correlation between temperature and CO concentration from January to April with (R2 = 0.69), negative correlation from May to August with (R2 = 0.92) and no correlation for the remaining months. NOx and CO have moderate positive and negative correlation with relative humidity during the months January-April (R2 = 0.294 for NOx and R2 = 0291 for CO) and in the months May-August are R2 = 0.97 and R2 = 0.15 for NOx and CO respectively. But there are no clear correlation between the NOx and CO with relative humidity from September-December. NOx concentrations during wet season was almost about twice that of the dry season, but no such difference was observed in the case of CO. The seasonal average air temperature in wet season is relatively lower than dry season. NOx exhibited positive and CO negative seasonal correlations with relative humidity.

Keywords

Atmospheric pollutants; Carbon monoxide; Nitrogen oxides; Relative humidity; Temperature

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𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙀𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙄𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙒𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2340

Abstract

The pollution caused by disposable plastic products is becoming more and more serious, and “plastic limit” has become a global consensus. This article mainly discusses the pollution problem from the following aspects: Integrate all relevant important indicators to establish a multiple regression model of the maximum amount of disposable plastic waste to estimate the maximum amount of disposable waste in the future without causing further damage to the environment; Establish an environmental safety level evaluation model and analyze the impact of plastic waste on environmental safety; Try to set the lowest level target that can be achieved by global waste at this stage, and conduct correlation analysis on the impact of humans, enterprises, and the environment; Select several countries based on their comprehensive strengths, conduct a comparative analysis of their plastic production, economic strength, and environment, and try to explore their responsibilities.

Keywords

Multiple egression; Fuzzy hierarchy; Plastic waste; Environmental safety

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𝙎𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙗𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙂𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙬𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙌𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙆𝙝𝙤𝙮𝙧𝙖𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝘽𝙡𝙤𝙘𝙠, 𝘽𝙞𝙧𝙗𝙝𝙪𝙢 𝘿𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙩, 𝙒𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝘽𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙤 𝘼𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙚𝙫𝙚 𝙍𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙒𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙎𝙚𝙘𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙮

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2479

Abstract

In order to attain the water security goal, specifically in highly developing areas, delineation of pure and sustainable water resources is of utmost priority. In the present study, a preliminary investigation of the groundwater chemistry was carried out. This was followed by assessing the suitability of groundwater to be used as an alternative and reliable resource for public use in the Khoyrasole block, Birbhum district, India. Altogether 15(fifteen) samples of groundwater, were collected from bore wells spread well over the Khoyrasole block have been considered. After completing the chemical analysis of the groundwater samples, the study revealed the quality of groundwater. The spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Chloride, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulphate, Nitrate and Fluoride have also been studied. High to very high levels of iron and fluoride have been observed to be present in 67% and 53% of the samples respectively. Based upon the calculated parameters like SAR, MAR, PI and Chloro Alkaline Indices, groundwater of Khoyrasole block is majorly suitable for the purpose of agriculture and irrigation. Plotting of ionic scatter plots and geochemical facies also indicate the water samples to be of “fresh water” category, with no dominant cation or anion playing a selectively dominant role in influencing the groundwater chemistry in the study area.

Keywords

Water security; Groundwater assessment; Groundwater quality; India

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𝘼𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙎𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙐𝙨𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙈𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙒𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙍𝙚𝙨𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙄𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙞𝙣 𝙉𝙞𝙜𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙖

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2505

Abstract

Water resource is available in Nigeria to meet water demand for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. If well enhanced and protected from various source of pollution. However, less information is available on suitability of water resources for irrigation use in Nigeria. This article reviews literature of the past with regards to influence of geogenic and anthropogenic activities on water resource for irrigation purpose in Nigeria and also to explain the current state of suitability of water resource for irrigation studies in Nigeria and gaps in studies. It also summarizes future ways on water resource management and preventive measure for water resource pollution for irrigation use. Related articles were downloaded from Google scholar in water-related issues. This paper tends to review previous article on water resource in Nigeria, and its suitability for irrigation. The primary aim of this paper is to produce a synoptic overview of the water resources in Nigeria and its suitability for irrigation use. From paper reviewed it was observed that 89 % of water resources was considered suitable for irrigation.

Keywords

Geogenic; Anthropogenic; Irrigation indices; Suitability and Nigeria

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𝙈𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙃𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣 𝙎𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙈𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙊𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙘 𝙁𝙧𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙠𝙨: 𝘼 𝙈𝙞𝙣𝙞 𝙍𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙚𝙬

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.2642

Abstract

The need for a net zero carbon emission future is imperative for environmental sustainability hence, intensive carbon fuels would need to be replaced with less carbon emitting energy sources such as natural gas till clean energy source such as hydrogen becomes commercialized. As a result, this mini review discusses the use of metal organic framework (MOF) for adsorption of methane and hydrogen in specially designed tanks for improved performance so as to increase their applicability. Herein, adsorption (delivery) capacity of selected high performing MOFs for methane and hydrogen storage were highlighted in reference to the targets set by United States Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and Fuel Cells Technology Office. In this regard, specific design and chemistry of MOFs for improved methane and hydrogen adsorption were highlighted accordingly. In addition, an overview of computational and molecular studies of hypothetical MOFs was done - the various approaches used and their proficiency for construction of specific of crystalline structures and topologies were herewith discussed.

Keywords

Methane; Hydrogen; Metal organic framework; Adsorption; Storage; Computational

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