Bilingual Publishing Group

Climate Induced Virus Generated Communicable Diseases: Management Issues and Failures DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v4i2.3229 Abstract In the present review article human diseases caused by various groups of pathogens have been explained with its etiology, epidemiology and treatment. In addition, effect of climatic changes on parasites and pathogens has been demarcated with rising incidences of diseases. In response to environmental changes, mainly external and internal microenvironment of body and drug regimens taken by patients; virus is regularly changing its form and new mutant variants are coming out. These are circulating in many Indian states and cross border countries and causing high infectivity and mortality in human patients. These variants with new mutations are challenging existing drugs and other prophylactic measures and massively disrupting functions of a tissue, organ, or entire organism. Diseases caused by viruses are showing new trends in virulence, with hi...

Transport and Deposition of Saharan Dust Observed from Satellite Images and Ground Measurements DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v4i2.3165 Abstract Haboob occurrence strongly impacts the annual variability of airborne desert dust in North Africa. In fact, more dust is raised from erodible surfaces in the early summer (monsoon) season when deep convective storms are common but soil moisture and vegetation cover are low. On 27 June 2018, a large dust storm is initiated over North Africa associated with an intensive westward dust transport. Far away from emission sources, dust is transported over the Atlantic for the long distance. Dust plume is emitted by a strong surface wind and further becomes a type of haboob when it merges with the southwestward deep convective system in central Mali at 0200 UTC (27 June). We use satellite observations to describe and estimate the dust mass concentration during the event. Approximately 93% of emitted dust is removed the dry deposition from th...

Assessment of the Off-season Rainfall of January to February 2020 and Its Socio Economic Implications in Tanzania: A Case Study of the Northern Coast of Tanzania DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v4i2.3135 Abstract This article examines the off season rainfall in northern coast Tanzania (NCT) including Zanzibar which occurred in January and February 2020 (JF). Like the JF rainfalls of 2001, 2004, 2010, 2016 and 2018, the JF (2020) rainfall was more unique in damages including loss of lives, properties and infrastructures. The study used the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to examine the cause of uniqueness of JF rainfall in 2001, 2004, 2010, 2016, 2018 and 2020 over NCT and Zanzibar. These datasets include monthly mean u, v wind at 850, 700, 500, and 200 mb; SSTs, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies, Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and monthly rainfall from NCT and Zanzibar stations. Datasets were processed and calculated into long term, seasonal, and monthly averages, indeed, Precipitat...

Study on the Causes of Rural Lightning Disaster and Countermeasures of Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v4i2.2916 Abstract With the development of the time and the progress of economy, great changes have taken place in the environment. In recent years, it is common to see bad weather, such as hurricane, drought, lightning and so on. The emergence of these weather has the greatest impact on farmers and crops, especially the lightning weather, not only that, but also sometimes cause personal injury. In face of the frequent occurrence of bad weather in recent years and its harm and threat to China's agriculture, rural areas, personnel, etc., the author makes a detailed study on the causes of rural lightning weather, analyzes the lightning protection measures in rural areas and their shortcomings, and summarizes the relevant improvement measures. Keywords Lightning disaster; Cause analysis; Lightning mitigation measures; Lightning protecti...

Review and Microphysics of the Maximum Electricity Atmospheric Activity in the World: the Catatumbo Lightning (Venezuela) DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v4i2.2740 Abstract A review of the state of knowledge and phenomenology on the site of the greatest atmospheric electrical activity in the world, known as the Catatumbo Lightning, located southeast of Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), is presented. A microphysical model is presented to explain the charging process through electrical displacement within the cells of the cloud, incorporating the role of the self-polarization of ice and methane molecules as pyroelectric aerosol, which accounts for the phenomenology and is consistent with electrification in thunderstorm. It is concluded that the pyroelectric model allows to explain the phenomenology of the rapid discharges of the flashes in the Catatumbo lightning and could be applied in outer planetary lightning. Keywords Catatumbo lightning; Atmospheric electricity; Microphysical of c...

Mapping Seasonal Variation in the Distribution and Concentration of Heavy Metals Using Water Quality Index and Geographic Information System Based Applications DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3100 Abstract Incessant monitoring of water is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances as it provides detailed information on aquatic resources. Majority of lagoons receive freshwater from their catchment areas containing industrial and domestic waste. The paper analysed seasonal variations in the distribution and concentrations of Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd),and Manganese (Mn) in the Fosu lagoon in Ghana to ascertain the quality of the lagoon. Water was sampled from eighteen (18) different points on the lagoon and was analysed at the Water Research Institute (WRI) of the Center for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and the results were interpolated using kriging.The results obtained were compared with the Worl...

Deforestation and Habitat Loss: Human Causes, Consequences and Possible Solutions DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3059 Abstract Deforestation leads to habitat loss while preservation and conservation of the natural forest increase biological diversity. Multiple factors have been reported to be responsible for deforestation and habitat loss, which could either be of human or natural origin.Natural causes of deforestation could be as a result of forest fires, droughts, exotic animals, floods, overpopulation of foreign animals and climate change. That notwithstanding, human activities are among the principal causes of global deforestation and habitat loss with agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining,oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development as some examples of these human influences. This study identifies agricultural activities and urbanization as the chief causes of human induced deforestation and habitat loss on a large scale...

Impact of Land Reclamation on the Vegetal Cover of Bayelsa State, Nigeria DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3041 Abstract The study examined the impact of land reclamation on vegetal cover in Bayelsa State. For the purpose of this study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were adopted. Field observations, questionnaire survey and landsat imagery of land cover changes in the year 1986 and 2018 were generated from the global ground cover facility stream. The time series study design and supervised classification of the image processing were adopted to determine the impact of land reclamation on vegetal cover of the study area. It was therefore recommended that recovery of land will make strategic urban planning initiatives sustainable in overcrowded areas and institutions should also put in place laws and strategies to regulate reclamation activities across the region and also geo-spatial skills should be put in place to help quantify the dynamics, trends and ra...

Analyzing Urban Expansion and Spatial Growth Patterns in Barahathawa Municipality of Central Tarai Region, Nepal DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3024 Abstract The rapid transformation of rural settlements into municipalities in Nepal has brought significant changes in land use, and urban expansion and growth patterns mostly through the conversion of agricultural land into the built-up area. The issue is studied taking a case of the rapidly growing town, Barahathawa Municipality of Tarai Region of Sarlahi District. After the declaration of the municipality, several new roads have been opened and upgraded; and the municipality is well-connected to the national transportation network. After promulgated the Constitution of Nepal 2015 and functioning the elected local body, the municipality budget has been increased significantly as a result of increasing municipal investment in socio-economic and physical infrastructure development and environmental protection which has attract...

Floodplain Mapping and Risks Assessment of the Orashi River Using Remote Sensing and GIS in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3014 Abstract Residents along the shoreline of the Orashi River have yearly been displaced and recorded loss of lives,farmland,and infrastructures. The Government’s approach has been the provision of relief materials to the victims instead of implementing adequate control measures.This research employs Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission and Google Earth imagery in developing a 3D floodplain map using ArcGIS software. The result indicates the drainage system in the study area is dendritic with catchment of 79 subbasins and 76 pour point implying the area is floodplain .Incorporating the 3D slope which reveals that> 8 and <8 makes up 1.15% and 98.85% of the study area respectively confirms the area is a floodplain. Aspect indicate west-facing slope are dark blue, 3D hillshade indicate yellow is very low area and the h...

Projected Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Relationships under Climate Change: A Case Study Thane City S. S. Pujari (Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India) A. S. Wayal (Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India) Article ID:  4995 DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v4i2.4995 Abstract Climate change is the most important factor to increase in short-duration high-intensity rainfall and consequent flooding. Intensity-DurationFrequency (IDF) curves are commonly used tools in Stormwater design, so a method to derive future IDF curves including climate change effect could be necessary for the mainstreaming climate change information into storm water planning. The objective of the present study is to define a mechanism to reflect the effect of climate change into the projected rainfall IDF relationships. For thi...

Stormwater Quality Characteristics and Reuse Analysis of Different Underlying Surfaces at Wanzhou North Station Shaochun Yuan (Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China;Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Sponge City Construction, Chongqing, 400020, China) Ting Li (Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China) Qingwei Yang (Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China) Shun You (Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China) Tao He (Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China) Bo Lv (Chongqing Engineering...

Geotechnical Risk Assessment and Geological Origin of Building Fracturation in Agadez City (North Niger) Baraou Idi Souley (Department of Geology, University of Agadez, Agadez, Niger) Abdoulwahid Sani (Department of Geology, University of Agadez, Agadez, Niger) Abdoul Wahab Djibo Maïga (High Authority for Atomic Energy of Niger (HANEA, Niger), OTICE, Niamey, Niger) Moussa Konaté (Department of Geology, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger) Article ID:  4697 DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v4i2.4697 Abstract The Agadez city is built on the faulted and fractured sandstones formation of the “Agadez Sandstones”, which deposit in unconformity on the Precambrian basement of the Aïr Mountain. The present study focuses on the geotechnical risk assessment and geological origin of building fracturation in Agadez city. A methodological approach integrating measurement of fractures planes affecting the buildings and their statistical analysis has been implemented. Statistical analysis ...

Vegetation Changes in Alberta Oil Sands, Canada, Based on Remotely Sensed Data from 1995 to 2020 Jixin He (College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China) Debo Chen (College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China) Ye Zhan (Aviation University Air Force, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China) Chao Liu (College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China) Ruichen Liu (College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China) Article ID:  4687 DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v4i2.4687 Abstract There are rich oil and gas resources in Alberta oil sand mining area in Canada. Since the 1960s, the Canadian government decided to increase the mining intensity. However, the exploitation will bring many adverse effects. In recent years, more people pay attention to the environmental protection and ecological restoration of mining area, such as issues related with changes of vegetated lan...

Quantum Biophysics of the Atmosphere: Asymmetric Wavelets of the Average Annual Air Temperature of Irkutsk for 1820-2019 Mazurkin Peter Matveevich (Volga State University of Technology, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia) Article ID:  4586 DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v4i2.4586 Abstract The regularities of the dynamics of the average annual temperature of Irkutsk from 1820 to 2019 were revealed. It is proposed to use the sum of temperatures. However, this indicator requires the continuity of the dynamic series, so for Irkutsk the sum of temperatures could be accepted only from 1873. The first three terms of the general wavelet model gave a very high correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The second indicator is a moving average, calculated as the ratio of the sum of temperatures to the current time. Here the first three wavelets gave a correlation coefficient of 0.9962. In the dynamics of the average annual temperature from 1820 to 2019, 86 wavelets were obtained, of which 47 affect the f...

Assessment of Subsurface Competency Using Geotechnical Method of a Proposed Structure F.C.T Nigeria DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/agger.v4i4.5133 Abstract Structural failure has been recently happenings mostly in the commercially populated states along the coastal line in Nigeria. As a result, an open field at a chosen location in Abuja, Nigeria, was investigated. For the purpose of this study, test bores were drilled and Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) were conducted at every 1.5 m interval up to a maximum depth of 12.0 m with the bearing pressure ranging between 20 kN/m2 and 1000 kN/m2 . 3 test bores’ were drilled within the plot location, and samples were obtained at the test bores locations for laboratory analysis. Findings revealed that subsurface lithology found at the site within the explored depths of 0.0 ~ 12.0 m is mostly silty sand, laterite, sandy clay, silty clay, clayey sand, and weathered rock. The findings fro...

Aeromagnetic Interpretation of Basement Structures and Geometry in Parts of the Middle Benue Trough, North Central, Nigeria DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/agger.v4i4.5128 Abstract The research of an analysis of aeromagnetic data collected in the middle Benue Trough in north-central Nigeria is presented. A detailed analysis of basement structures is conducted in order to identify regions with high hydrocarbon potential that is different from those discovered by earlier researchers. Aeromagnetic data were filtered by using the Butterworth and Gaussian filters, transformed by engaging the reduction to the equator technique, and subsequently enhanced. To estimate magnetic basement depths at various places throughout the basin, the Euler deconvolution depth weighting approach was used. Eleven (11) sub-basins with depths ranging from –2000 m to –8000 m were also identified by Euler’s findings. The sub-basins trend in the NE-SW direct...