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3D Reconstruction of Fruit Shape based on Vision and Edge Sections DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jeisr.v4i1.4585 Abstract The fruit industry has been known as one of the largest businesses in Malaysia, where most of the fruits pass through the peeling process well in advance before the final product as juice in a bottle or slices in a can. The current industrial fruit peeling techniques are passive and inefficient by cutting parts of the pulp of the fruit with peels leading to losses. To avoid this issue, a multi-axis CNC fruit peeler can be used to precisely peel the outer layer with the guidance of a 3D virtual model of fruit. In this work, a new cost-effective method of 3D image reconstruction was developed to convert 36 fruit images captured by a normal RGB camera to a 3D model by capturing a single image every 10 degrees of fruit rotation along a fixed axis. The point cloud data extracted with edge detection were passed to Blender 3D software for meshing in different approaches.

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Management of Lithium Battery Based on Air Cooled Heat Dissipation DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jeisr.v4i1.4279 Abstract In recent years, due to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles in the world, the traditional vehicles using gasoline or diesel as energy have led to serious air pollution and energy depletion. It is urgent to develop practical clean energy vehicles. The performance of electric vehicle depends on the power battery pack. The working temperature of the battery pack has a great impact on the performance of the battery, so it is necessary to carry out thermal management on the battery pack. Taking a lithium-ion battery as the research object, the temperature field of the battery pack in the charge and discharge state is simulated and analyzed by using CFD simulation software in the way of air cooled heat dissipation, so as to understand the influencing factors of uneven temperature field. At the same time, the development trend of b

Ge-based Medium Wave Infrared MCT 1280 × 1024 Focal Plane Detector DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jeisr.v4i1.4232 Abstract Medium-wave HgCdTe thin films grown on germanium-based substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were treated by large area n-on-p injection junction and flip-flop mixing process. The chips interconnected with low-noise and multimodal options readout circuit composed a 1280×1024 Medium-wave Infrared Focal Plane Cooling Detector whose pixel spacing was 15 microns. Its main photoelectric properties are average NETD equivalent to 18.5 mK, non-uniformity equivalent to 7.5%, operability equivalent to 98.97%. The paper also studies the substrate-removal technique on Germanium-based chip, which improves the stability and reliability of detector. Keywords:  Germanium substrate, Megapixel, Mercury cadmium tellurium, Medium wave focal plane detector, Back thinning 𝑶𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑹 𝑳𝑰𝑵𝑲𝑺: DocDroid Slideshare Scribd YouTube

Collective Signature Schemes Using Problem of Finding Roots Modulo DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jeisr.v4i1.4220 Abstract Digital signature schemes in general and representative collective digital signature schemes, in particular, are often built based on the difficulty of the discrete logarithm problem on the finite field, of the discrete logarithm problem of the elliptic curve, of the problem of factor analysis, of the problem of finding the roots modulo of large primes or a combination of the difficult problems mentioned above. In this paper, we use the new difficult problem, which is to find the with root in the finite ground field GF(p) to build representative collective signature schemes, but the chosen modulo p has a special structure distinct p=Nt_0 t_1 t_2+1, where N is an even number and t0, t1, t2 are prime numbers of equal magnitude, about 80 bits. The characteristics of the proposed scheme are: i) The private key of each signer consists of 2 components (K_1, K_2), randoml

Efficient Parallel Processing of k-Nearest Neighbor Queries by Using a Centroid-based and Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/aia.v4i1.4668 Abstract The k-Nearest Neighbor method is one of the most popular techniques for both classification and regression purposes. Because of its operation, the application of this classification may be limited to problems with a certain number of instances, particularly, when run time is a consideration. However, the classification of large amounts of data has become a fundamental task in many real-world applications. It is logical to scale the k-Nearest Neighbor method to large scale datasets. This paper proposes a new k-Nearest Neighbor classification method (KNN-CCL) which uses a parallel centroid-based and hierarchical clustering algorithm to separate the sample of training dataset into multiple parts. The introduced clustering algorithm uses four stages of successive refinements and generates high quality clusters. The

Elderly Fall Detection by Sensitive Features Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/aia.v4i1.4419 Abstract The world’s elderly population is growing every year. It is easy to say that the fall is one of the major dangers that threaten them. This paper offers a Trained Model for fall detection to help the older people live comfortably and alone at home. The purpose of this paper is to investigate appropriate methods for diagnosing falls by analyzing the motion and shape characteristics of the human body. Several machine learning technologies have been proposed for automatic fall detection. The proposed research reported in this paper detects a moving object by using a background subtraction algorithm with a single camera. The next step is to extract the features that are very important and generally describe the human shape and show the difference between the human falls from the daily activities. These features are based on motion, changes in huma

Safety-critical Policy Iteration Algorithm for Control under Model Uncertainty DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/aia.v4i1.4361 Abstract Safety is an important aim in designing safe-critical systems. To design such systems, many policy iterative algorithms are introduced to find safe optimal controllers. Due to the fact that in most practical systems, finding accurate information from the system is rather impossible, a new online training method is presented in this paper to perform an iterative reinforcement learning based algorithm using real data instead of identifying system dynamics. Also, in this paper the impact of model uncertainty is examined on control Lyapunov functions (CLF) and control barrier functions (CBF) dynamic limitations. The Sum of Square program is used to iteratively find an optimal safe control solution. The simulation results which are applied on a quarter car model show the efficiency of the proposed method in the fields of optimality and robustness. Keywords:  S

Metric-based Few-shot Classification in Remote Sensing Image DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/aia.v4i1.4124 Abstract Target recognition based on deep learning relies on a large quantity of samples, but in some specific remote sensing scenes, the samples are very rare. Currently, few-shot learning can obtain high-performance target classification models using only a few samples, but most researches are based on the natural scene. Therefore, this paper proposes a metric-based few-shot classification technology in remote sensing. First, we constructed a dataset (RSD-FSC) for few-shot classification in remote sensing, which contained 21 classes typical target sample slices of remote sensing images. Second, based on metric learning, a k-nearest neighbor classification network is proposed, to find multiple training samples similar to the testing target, and then the similarity between the testing target and multiple similar samples is calculated to classify the testing target. Finally, the 5-w

Wave Dynamics of the Average Annual Temperature Surface Air Layer New Delhi for 1931-2021 DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i2.4639 Abstract The identification method revealed asymmetric fluctuations in the dynamics of the average annual temperature in New Delhi from 1931 to 2021, that is, for 90 years. An analysis of the wave patterns of climate until 2110 was carried out. Geotechnology of the Himalayan passage was proposed to reduce heat waves in India and China. Formulas containing four and 18 fluctuations were adopted for forecasting. Models give an increase in the heat wave from 2021, which is the fourth component. As a result, the landscape of the Himalayan mountains and the deserts of Thar and Takla Makan create a regional climate system that is original for the land of the Earth. In this system, oscillatory temperature adaptation in the future will be several times greater than the global warming rate predicted in the IPCC CMIP5 report. Between 2001 and 2019 the largest tem

Gathering Data, Providing Theoretical Foundations and Proposing Practical Pollution Reducing Measures to Strengthen the Global Fight against a Warming Atmosphere DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i2.4618 References [1] Mendelsohn, R., Emanuel, K., Chonabayashi, S., et al., 2012. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Tropical Cyclone Damage. Nature Climate Change. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1357 [2] Warren, F.J., Lemmen, D.S., 2014. Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation; Government of Canada, Ottawa.  https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/earthsciences/pdf/assess/2014/pdf/Full-Report_Eng.pdf  (Accessed November 5 2021) [3] Paavola, J., 2017. Health Impacts of Climate Change and Health and Social Inequalities in the UK. Environment Health. 16, 113. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0328-z [4] Wijaya, A.S., 2014. Climate Change, Global Warming and Global Inequity in Developed and Developing Countries (Analytical Perspective, Issue, Prob

History and Projection of Hydrological Droughts in the Benin Basin of the Niger River (Benin) DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i2.4602 Abstract In the context of a changing climate, the Beninese Niger River basin has been the focus of several research studies for the quantification, planning, and modeling of water and related resources for sustainable use. This research aims to characterize the historical (1976-2019) and projected (2021- 2050) hydrological drought of the Beninese Niger River basin. The study used daily observations of rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, runoff rates and simulations of HIRHAM and REMO RCMs from fifteen (15) rainfall stations installed around the basin. It uses standardized streamflow indices (SDI) at 12-month and 36-month time steps. The results show that the calculated SDI indices show, on average, for all the model scenarios used, chronological trends of increase. These increases are not significant (are of the order of 0.00001 per year).

Pollution of Airborne Fungi in Naturally Ventilated Repositories of the Provincial Historical Archive of Santiago de Cuba (Cuba) DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i2.4536 Abstract Environmental fungi can damage the documentary heritage conserved in archives and affect the personnel’s health if their concentrations, thermohygrometric parameters and ventilation conditions are not adequate, problems that can be accentuated by Climate Change. The aims of this work were to identify and to characterize the airborne fungal pollution of naturally ventilated repositories in the Provincial Historical Archive of Santiago de Cuba and predict the risk that these fungi pose to the staff’s health. Indoor air of three repositories of this archive and the outdoor air were sampled in an occasion every time in 2015, 2016 and 2017 using a SAS sampler. The obtained fungal concentrations varied from 135.6 CFU/m3 to 421.1 CFU/m3 and the indoor/outdoor ratios fluctuated from 0.7 to 4.2, evidencing a varia

Spatio-temporal Changes in the Regime of Rivers in the Pripyat River Catchment and Climate Change DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i2.4396 Abstract In work features of a hydrological regime of catchments of the river of the Pripyat in climate change are considered. Researches of meteorological characteristics of the given territory show the tendency to growth, both temperatures of air, and precipitation, evaporation from a surface of water and ground also show the tendency to increase. That is not unequivocally reflected in change of a course of hydrological characteristics waters objects of territory. On a part of pools of the rivers the mid-annual runoff of water in the rivers in time tends to growth, and Change of levels of subsoil waters decreases for parts - on a turn - here, as a rule, tends a course in time opposite to a mid-annual runoff of water in the rivers. Change of the maximal temperature of water in the rivers in time repeats the tendency of a course of a runoff of

Open Space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i2.4544 Abstract Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in Nepal. The open spaces are not only important for (re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management, particularly for dense cities. As most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly, the cities lack sufficient open space. However, the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief, treatment, recovery, and rehabilitation during and after the earthquake. With this background, this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open

A Hybrid Geostatistical Method for Estimating Citywide Traffic Volumes – A Case Study of Edmonton, Canada DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i2.4513 Abstract Traffic volume information has long played an important role in many transportation related works, such as traffic operations, roadway design, air quality control, and policy making. However, monitoring traffic volumes over a large spatial area is not an easy task due to the significant amount of time and manpower required to collect such large-scale datasets. In this study, a hybrid geostatistical approach, named Network Regression Kriging,has been developed to estimate urban traffic volumes by incorporating auxiliary variables such as road type, speed limit, and network accessibility.Since standard kriging is based on Euclidean distances, this study implements road network distances to improve traffic volumes estimations.A case study using 10-year of traffic volume data collected within the city of Edmonton was conducted to de

Sixteenth-Century Bulge on the Coast of Chile DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i2.4357 Abstract This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile. Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then, Ortelius rotated the coastline of Chile from northwest to north. Later, he dropped the latitude of the islands of San Pablo and Isla de los Tiburones down six degrees. He named the Amazon River “Río de las amazons.” Finally, he removed the cities with fake Native-American-sounding names along the Pacific coast of North America. The research underlying this paper examined over seven-hundred sixteenth-century maps made by sixdozen cartographers. This paper cites five-dozen maps by four-dozen cartographers. In the traceability section of this paper, this information was condensed into a traceability diagram, which shows the chronological flow of information among a score of

Assessment of Urban Morphology through Local Climate Zone Classification and Detection of the Changing Building States of Siliguri Municipal Corporation and Its Surrounding Area, West Bengal DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i2.4329 Abstract Progressive population concentration to the urban centres has fuelled urban expansion in both horizontal as well as vertical direction, consequences in the urban landscape change. This growth resulted in posing many complexities towards sustainable urban development which can be counted by observing the changing proportions of natural landscapes and built up areas. Local climate zones (LCZs), a systematic classification of natural lands and built up lands, are identified in Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) and its surrounding region to explore the spatio temporal complexity of urban growth in recent years. Rapid urbanization and population growth of SMC have led to change the building states from low rise to mid and high rise which added an

Assessment of Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Landuse/Landcover Change Drivers in Abuja, Nigeria DOI:  https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i2.4273 Abstract Landuse/Landcover (LULC) changes are recognised as some of the major causes of environmental problems like land degradation and climate change. To achieve sustainability, we need to properly understand such changes in order to have adequate information that will enable us to design and implementing measures to mitigate their negative impacts. Doing this particularly requires a proper understanding of how stakeholders perceive the changes in general and their drivers in particular. Unfortunately,not much is known for many areas about the perspective of landuse stakeholders on drivers of LULC changes. This paper reports the results of a study conducted to examine the perceptions of different landuse stakeholders on drivers of LULC changes in Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.Questionnaire survey was utilised, involving 514 households a